greenhouse effect

the greenhouse effect is raised temperature at the planet's surface as result of heat energy being trapped by gases cause the atmosphere. certain gases causes the atmosphere to act like the glass in a greenhouse. as a result, the temperature of a planet's surface may be higher than it otherwise would be_on earth about 33 celcius higher. the main gases that produce the greenhouse effect on earth are water vapour andcarbon dioxide. scientists suspect that an increased discharge of carbon dioxide from human activity (notably motor transport and industry) is contributing to global warming.

greenhouse gases are fairly transparent to the short-wavelength, visible and ultraviolet light that brings most of the sun's energy, though about 25% is reflected by the atmosphere, and 25% is absorbed by it. about 5% is reflected from the earth, which absorbs the rest. some of this absorbed energy rises again in thermals or in the heat of evaporated moisture. the rest is reradiated as long-wavelength infrared rays. the infrared radiation emitted by the earth is partially transmitted straight  back into space. a much greater amount is absorbed by the greenhouse gases, which are very efficient absorbers of the long infrared wavelength. some of the absorbed heat is reradiated into space, but a lot is radiated downwards to fuel global warming. half the world's population lives on low-lying coastal areas, such as the bay of bengal which is particularly vulnerable to flooding. global warming could causes the sea level to rise. a 2m (6ft) rise in sea level would inundate close to 20% of bangladesh and require tens of millions to be evacuated. a larger rise of 5m (16ft) would drown close to half the country.

insecticides

insecticide is a subtance that kills insect. insecticides are sometimes called pesticides. farmers and gardeners usually use insecticides to protect plants and animals. apple trees must be sprayed, or many of the apples will become "wormy" with moth larvae (young). many livestock owners spray their livestock or dip them in an insecticide solution to protect them from flies, lice, mites, and ticks. these pests spread such diseases and cattle fever and sheep scab. diseases such as malaria and thypus can be controlled by using insecticides to treat the breeding places of the insect that spread the diseases.

agricultural pesticides prevent a monetary loss of about 9 bilion each year in the U.S. for every 1 invested in pesticides, the american.

farmer gets about 4 in return. these benefits, however, must be weighed againts the costs to society of using pesticides, an seen in the banning of ethylene dobromide in the early 1980s. these costs include human poisonings, and the contamination of livestock product. the environmental and sosial costs of pesticide use in the U.S. have been estimated to be at least 1 bilion each year. thus, although pesticides are valuable for agriculture, they also can cause serious harm.

Abortion

for years, abortion has been an extremely controversial subject. one important aspect of the controversy  is whether a women should be permitted by law to have an abortion and, if so, under what circumstances. another is whether, and to what extens laws should protect the unborn. people who wish to legally limit or forbid abortions describe themselves as pro-life. those who believe that a women should have the right to have an abortion may rever to themselves as pro-choice.

arguments againts abortion are based on the belief that an abortion is the unjustified killing of an unborn child. most people who oppose abortion believe that human life begins when a sperm fertilises an egg. another arguments againts abortion is that laws allowingit on demand will increase irresponsible pregnancies and lead to direspect for human life. the roman catholic church is a chief opponent of abortion. conservative branches of other religions also oppose abortion.

many people approve of abortion under certain circumstance. some approve of abortion if a woman's life or health is endangered by her pregnancy. others recommend abortion when there is danger that the child will be born with a serious mental or physical defect. they also approve of abortion when pregnancy has resulted from rape or incest.

many people who think that a woman should have the right to choose to have an abortion distinguish between human life and personhood. they argue that personhood implies both the capacity for self-consicous thought and acceptance  as a member  of a social community. these people believe a fetus is not a person and is thus not entitled to rights normally given to a person. such pro-choice supporters agree with the view that birth represents the beginning ofpersonhood.

another pro-choice argument is that legalising abortions has enliminated many illegal abortions performed by unskilled practitioners under unsanitary conditions. these abortions often cause deaths and permanent reproductive injuries. abortion on demand also prevents many unwanted birth and may thus be a factor in lowering infant and child abuse, neglect, and death rates. also same argue that women shaould not have to bear unwanted children in a word with a growing population and diminishing natural resources.

as a result of this controvers, abortion laws vary from country to country. in rusia, where abortion has been legal sinec 1920, it is allowed up to about the fourth month of pregnancy, purely by request, and is commonly used as a method of birth control. in some countries, such as the philippines, indonesia, and bangladesh, abortion is only allowed when pregnancy threatens the mother's life. south africa , new zaeland, and hong kong allow abortion when the fetus is severaly damaged. in the rapublic of ireland, the operation may only by performed when either the mother's or baby's life is in danger.

mobile phones

everywhere you go nowadays, you see people using mobile phones. From school children to the people, you see them talking in the supermarket, on trains, in the street, everywhere!

so what are advantages of mobile phones?

first of all, they are very convenient because you can phone from nearly anywhere. another advantage is that they are really useful in emergency situations.

for example, if you are alone in your car and it break down, you can get help quickly. in addition, you can also use your mobile to text your friends or connect to the net.

however, there are disadvantages such as the cost. mobile phone calls cost more than normal calls. furthermore, it can be annoying if you are on a train or a bus and you have to listen to someone else's borimg conversation. finally, people can contact you anywhere, at any time, unless you switch your phone off!

in conclusion, there are both advantages and disadvantages. personally, i feet mobile phones are a good thing because they give us more freedom and make communication easier.

company

the company is any business that runs any kind of business a permanent and continous and established, working and domiciled in the territory of the replublik indonesien for the puspose of obtaining gains or profit.
forms company
1. trading company
trading company is one of the private companies, while private enterprise is a company run by one entrepreneur that his responsibility was in charge to one person only.
2. guild firms
the guild is partnership firm organized to run the company under the name together.
3. guild partnership
guild partnership is a partnership firm which has one or several allies partnership.
4. PT
PT is a form of business entity or company tht is most widely used as a business activity in indonesien.

sources of low

sources of low can be interpreted asv a valid ground that delivers power to make tle rules, do the deed,and the right and authority that must be obeted by the people. according to the battery Zevenbergen (1996), the sources of low is the sources of the law and / or the source of the cause of low. Furthermore, legal experts distinguish legal sources inti two types, namely the source material and formal law.

sources material law
legal sources material is a sources of law that binds the people to obey it as appropiate and legal awareness that comes from living in the community.
formal legal sources
formal sources of law are sources of law have binding legal forces and shall be guided by the way its formation received by the community. formal legal sources include legislation, customs, case law, treaties, and doktrin.

1. statue
the statue is a state regulation that has binding legal force, organized, and maintained by the state authorities.
2. customs
custom are human actions that remain to be done repeatedly in the same way.
3. jurisprudence
jurisprudence is a former judge's decision followed and used as the basis of decisions by judges next when facing the same case.
4. treaty
the treaty is an agreement between two or more contries on a matter. thus the treaty is an international treaty. if made two contries then called bilateral agreement, whereas when made or signed by more than two countries then known as multilateral agreement.
5. doktrin
if the judge will take a decision on the matter at handm but (1) the case is a rather unique case or has never happened so there are no laws that govern them, (2) is not a common practice in the community, (3) there has never been jurisprudence, and (4) there is no rule in the treaty then the judge may ask the opinion of doktrin.

Individual behavior
Individual behavior is as a function of the interaction between the individual and his environment. Individuals bring order in the form of organizational skills, personal beliefs, expectations, needs, and experiences of the other.

Characteristics of individuals within the organization include:
1. biographical characteristics
 Age
 Gender
 mating status
 tenure
2. ability
 physical ability
 intellectual abilities
3. personality
4. The learning process
5. perception
6. attitude
7. job satisfaction

Organizational effectiveness
According to Bernard (1938:20) the effectiveness of an organization's proficiency in the specific objectives of the organization that is objective ("Ir accomplished objectives Ian Ita Pacific"). Schein in his book "organizational Psychology defines organizational effectiveness as the ability to survive, adapt to maintain themselves and grow, regardless of the specific functions that are owned by the organization.
Four barrier illustrate the effectiveness, namely:
a. Doing things right, where according to the hub should be settled in accordance with the plans and rules.
b. Reached a level above the competitors, where able to be the best with another opponent as the best.
c. Bring results, where what is being done to provide useful results.
d. Addressing the challenges of the future.