hariku terbalut duka

tak ada setitik semangat pun untuk hari ini
entah kenapa mulut pun tak mau berucap
otak pun tak mau untuk di ajak berfikir
wajah memucat seketika bila teringat masa itu
masa dimana kita selalu bersama
berbagi canda dan tawa
tapi apa yang sekarang terjadi???
hanya tinggal kenangan dan ingatan tentangmu
jika rasa rindu telah menghuni perasaan ini
yang bisa melawan hanyalah tetesan air mata
suka ku tercipta saat kau ada disampingku
dan senantiasa selalu ada untuk aku
duka ku muncul ketika kau tak ada lagi disisiku
dan tak memperdulikan aku untuk selamanya....

amazon basics

acer aspire one

acer 11.6

samsung GT S7562

samsung duos

apple macbook

toshiba satellite U945-S4140

toshiba satellite C855-S5343

toshiba satellite C855D-S5340

toshiba satellite C855-S5137

toshiba 40L5200U 40 ich

toshiba satellite S855D-S5148

toshiba satellite

acer aspire

dell inspiron

acer 11.6

kindle fire HD7

kindle paperwhite

iphone 4 / 4s antiglare

babylis pro BABTT5585 tourmaline

True Friend

more and live my life
always with you my friend
hard that I felt sad happy
with you my friend

friend
so many memories that we've been through
the portion that we always shared sense
but destroyed by flash
has been snatched by the unexpected death

friend
now you have to leave me
leave all our memories
concluded a tear
that fell on my cheek

friend
even though we're not together now
even though we have different life
but we keep one in your heart and love
because you're my true friend

goodbye my friend
My true friends goodbye
love the one you're always in my heart
forever .........

dear mother

Mother. .. You never cared about the fate of yourself.

You make your body fortress that protects your child.

Mother .. Wherever you gave your life to me.

Now, it is easy for me to present to you life.

If the whole world is in my hand.

I pour it everything in them under your feet tread.

Want pour it tears.

And knelt in front of you.

I bundle says sorry for my shortcomings.

Although kuhidup millions of years.

I go through the day and night tuk worship you.

All of that would not be able to pay a drop ation that you gave me.

apple ipad with retina display MD514

desire to kill me

Later ..
Do you still remember me,,,
Given our memories ..
I do not know ..

Are true you're going ..
I do not believe it,,
I want you to stay here ..
Pobud with me ..

Let time stop when both qt,,
Passing through a beautiful thing,,
Not to be memorable,,
But the thing that I always live ..

Bring longing this ..
I could not resist you ..
But ... I realized ..
This longing to kill me ..........

quiet low friends


In times of dawn
you and I toast at the campfire
burning in chest
inflated sense of desire on the cusp
breathy laugh softly collided with sweat beads
then you whispered words that I can not understand

I realize new
that has engulfed morning dawn
lengthening shadows fall stunned himself
settles gray clouds could not sniff
where your laughter go
until now await
like lonely friends with silence

nokia N8 unlocked GSM touchscreen phone

mine I want love

too long I buried
all of these flavors you
now I can not take
I want you to know all
I love u first
I know first
instead he
love should be expressed
love it must have
do not youlet it go right
indeed, high-ego
but...I want to have you
for the love of the it;s my long buried
by replacing all the sacrifices
that already I do for you
you should be mine

love story

love to go with someone who loved me
walk 2 direction
can not change anything
my heart still misses

I can not go
what could love again
because I feel alone

only one that I know
go where the love is gone
followed up waiting
because my heart needs love

toshiba satellite L875D-S7332 17ich

friend

A friend is someone
laugh and cry with inspiration,
Someone who lends a helping hand,
though friends may not be forever,
And they may not end up together,
memories of a true friendship will
last forever.
A friend is not a shadow or servant
But a person who holds
a piece of a person in his heart.
Someone who shares a smile,
Someone who brightens your day

mother

I so love you I miss you
you are so beautiful and perfect in my eyes

sacrifice so sincere to me difficult to reply
My prayers are always for you right panajat
your love is so great

pelukkan you so warm that I was always awake
in my sleep ....

mom mom mom I miss you I miss you when you cradled me
with love ....
yaah allah keep my mother in your side and the culture was
he felt heaven mu

mom mom mom kah kah what you're listening to the screams
the son screams miss you
mother give strength to your child's
so that she may continue seyum crate
your smile is sincere ....

garmin VAE009R bay of bengal kupang

Bolu Banana Cake Bake

Banana Cake Making Materials Bolu:
250 grams of green banana (mashed)
175 grams of wheat flour
vanilla powder 4 tbsp milk
baking powder 1/2 tsp
75 grams of sugar
4 eggs
150 grams of butter (melted)
200 grams of grated cheese
emulsifier 1 tsp
cheese for sprinkling
Brown meses for sprinkling

How to Make a banana sponge cake:
Combine flour, baking powder and milk powder and then sifted. Set aside
Beat eggs with sugar until white. Then input emulsifier mix until fluffy.
Enter subtle banana in the mix while continuing to add flour bit by bit.
Add grated cheese and stir well. Then enter melted butter mix well again.
Pour batter into baking dish sponge bananas that have been spread with oil or butter.
Banana cake batter baked in the oven with a temperature of 160 C for 30 minutes until cooked.
Cut the banana sponge cake spread with butter then sprinkle it meses or cheese.
Serve to your beloved family.

squash fresh lychees

fresh lychee squash - drinks are suitable in the present moment hot air or an important dinner event, how to manufacture and the material is very easy to get. let's look at how to make fresh lychee squash.

ingredients

• 175 grams of lychee canned, ready-made
• 3 tablespoons sweetened condense milk white
• 100 grams of coconut juice, ready-made
• 300 ml sweet soda water, ready-made
• 150 ml of water

how to make fresh iced lychee squash

mix lychee, milk, and water. blender until smooth. pour in a glass. store in refrigerator

set at the base of a glass of coconut juice, lychee juice 200 ml. add sweet soda water.

serve

pretty easy and not easy. pratical recipe anyway, because we use ready-made materials, so it is not complicated. how? fit for 2 people you now.

LG optimus 4X HD P880 16GB white fac

wingko typical semarang

Ingredients Cake Making Wingko Tripe Typical Semarang:

250 grams of glutinous rice flour
100 grams old half coconut (husk peeled and grated)
250 grams of sugar
2 chicken eggs
75 grams of margarine
20 grams of cocoa powder
100 ml of water

How to Make Cash Wingko Tripe and Delicious Delicious Semarang:

Take half or 125 grams of granulated sugar with a whisk until blended margarine entirely, then set aside. (dough I)
Take the remaining sugar or 125 grams of rest, beat the eggs until thickened blended perfectly. (mixture II)
Prepare a place (basin) to the dough mix glutinous rice flour and grated coconut, stir until evenly distributed. Enter the (batter II) mixture of sugar with chicken eggs. then enter the well (dough I) a mixture of sugar and margarine.
Put a little water gradually, stirring constantly mixed dough Samai average, increase the cocoa powder into the batter, stirring until blended.
Prepare mold, mold lined with banana leaves and rub with a little oil. Pour the batter into the mold.
Oven baked with heat about 40 minutes until cooked marked with brownish yellow color. Then lift.
Cut pieces of the desired shape and serve Wingko Tripe Typical Semarang while warm.
Would you mind answering some questions to help improve translation quality?
Google Translate for Business:Translator ToolkitWebsite TranslatorGlobal Market Finder

Cake Snow

snow cake

• 175 grams of margarine
• 3 egg yolks
• 100 grams of grated edam cheese
• 1/4 teaspoon salt
• 175 grams of wheat flour, sifted
• 30 grams cornstarch
• 350 grams of powdered sugar

then forthe snow cake manufacture can you see below:
how to make snow cake
prepare a flat baking pan, spread with margarine and set aside
beat the margarine until fluffy, put the eggs and continue to beat until fluffy
enter the flour,cornstarch, stir well, add edam cheese and salt and stir until dough can be formed
take a teaspoon of dough. form a ball, place on a baking sheet, give a distance
bake in the oven with a temperature of 160 degrees celcius for 15 minutes until cooked
let cool, sprinkle with powdered sugar and coat, until the entire cake covered sugar, store in an airtight jar

samsung galaxy tab 2

want to be with you

I never want to forget you

especially hate

a few times we have passed so many stories

joys and sorrows together.

it's hard to forget

was simply impossible to hate

because you're very impressive

because you're so deep

trust me my lover

only one you're my love

and the only one I want

to live with you

the meaning of love

love is to give love instead og chains. love can not be forced and sometimes it does not even come in accidentally. love is beautiful but the pain left behind sometimes lasts longer than love itselft. the limit of love and hate are also very thin but with the love of the world in which we live seemed lighter.

love is a feeling of one's interest in the opposite sex as something that is owned by the opposite sex (eg, nature, faces etc). however, understanding and mutual understanding necessary to be able to continue the relationship, should cover each partner's flaws and accept what is, without coercion by either party. sharing love together and share common grief.

love it is something pure, white, sincere and pure that arise in the absence of coercion or a made-up thing, I personally love it can make that person could be motivated do make changes that better than before he knows it's love. love is something that is sacred andwe must not desecrate the sacred love with all our selfishness that just wants delish for us and for you. 

thedeepest human feelings which makes willing to sacrifice anything for the sake of his loved ones. sacrifice is sincere, do not expect a reply. if for example, gave many gifts to someone but on condition that the person should be willing to reciprocate with his girlfriend, it was not love. love can not be measured by material or derived from the mortal world. and trust me.. the greatest love usually always come from the mother, instead of a boyfriend (girlfriend because love can fade after a while or married someday).

love.make happy,sorrowor blind. sacrificial love, bitterness, beauty and warmth.love is a willingness to give without asking for anything, but would love to be more beautiful if both giving and receiving, so the warmth, harmony and togetherness through life can be achieved. love is a word that has many meanings, depending on how you place it in life.

dell inspiron i15R-1632sLV 15-ich laptop

“A Thousand Years”

Heart beats fast
Colors and promises
How to be brave
How can I love when I’m afraid to fall
Watching you stand alone
All of my doubt suddenly goes away somehow

One step closer

[Chorus:]
I have died everyday waiting for you
Darling don’t be afraid I have loved you
For a thousand years
I’ll love you for a thousand more

Time stands still
Beauty in all she is
I will be brave
I will not let anything take away
Standing in front of me
Every breath
Every hour has come to this

One step closer

[Chorus:]
I have died everyday waiting for you
Darling don’t be afraid I have loved you
For a thousand years
I’ll love you for a thousand more

And all along I believed I would find you
Time has brought your heart to me
I have loved you for a thousand years
I’ll love you for a thousand more

One step closer
One step closer

[Chorus:]
I have died everyday waiting for you
Darling don’t be afraid I have loved you
For a thousand years
I’ll love you for a thousand more

And all along I believed I would find you
Time has brought your heart to me
I have loved you for a thousand years

I’ll love you for a thousand more

How to make cookies nastar

Ingredients
* 150 g butter / butter
* 75 grams of sugar flour
* 1 tsp vanilla powder
* 1 egg yolk
* 15 grams of cocoa powder
* 50 gr capucino
* 100 g dark chocolate, melted.
* 25 gr cornstarch
* 200 g cake flour or low

toping
* ½ egg white small size
* 125 gr flour sugar
* 1 tbsp lemon juice
* 25 gr capucino
* 15 grams of cocoa powder + ½ tsp chocolate pasta

How to make cookies
* Beat the margarine, butter, flour sugar and vanilla until all ingredients are well blended.
* Add the eggs, mix well.
* Enter the flour mixture gradually, milk, cocoa powder and cornstarch into the batter, stirring with a wooden spoon, until the flour out to do.
* Enter the dark chocolate that has been melted, stir
* Minced ½ cm thick dough, cut into small squares.
* Bake at 160 degrees until the pastry cooked, let cool.

How to make toping
* Mix the egg white and powdered sugar gradually until blended.
* Enter lime juice mix well.
* For two dough, mixed with one part capucino instant, one part mixed with cocoa powder + chocolate pasta.

completion
Enter the topping ingredients into a plastic triangle, a small cut edges. Decorate with white toping the edge of the shape of the cake, fill that blank piece with chocolate topping, give small fish garnish of colorful sugar ingredients. Bake 5 minutes at a low temperature. Chill.

powershot A2500 16.0 MP digital camera

long distance

since you're going to leave me
this feels lonely soul
living life without you

and maybe there's no spirit anymore
to survive without you by my side
the tears were tears
when reminded of the times with you

Ialso bet you feel
what I think
because of this belief
always whispering nature
to survive waiting for love

Love painting

can I paint love you?
sow a million colors
can make you beautiful

can I paint love you?
such notation butterfly dream
blue winged
flying along towards domestic rainbow

can I paint love you?
my tired hinted at the fret!

fujifilm finepix S4200 digital camera

let me love you

once upon a time, there was once a guy who was very much in love with this girl. this romantic guy folded 1,000 pieces of papercranes as a gift to his girl. although, at that time he was just a small excutive in his company, his future doesn't seem to bright, they where very happy together. until one day, his girl told him she was going to Paris and will never come back. she also told him that she cannot visualise any future for the both of them, so let's go their own ways there and then... heartbroken, the guy agreed.

when he regained his confidence, he worked hard day and night, just to make something out with the help of friends. this guy had set up his own company...

you never fail until you stop trying, he always told himself. I must make it in life! one rainy day, while this guy was driving, he saw an elderly couple sharing an umbrella in the rain walking to some destination. even with the umbrella, they were still drenched. it didn't take him long to realise those were his ex-girlfriend's parent. with a heart in getting back at them, he drove slowly beside the couple, wanting them to spot him in his luxury saloon. he wanted them to know that he wasn't the same anymore, he had his own company, car, condo,etc. he had made it in life.

before the guy can realise, the couple was walking towards a cemetary, and the got out of his car and followed them.. and the saw his ex-girlfriend, a photograph of her smilling sweetly as ever at him from her tombstone.. and he saw his precious papercranes in a bottle placed beside her tomb. her parents saw him. he walked over and asked them why this had happened. they explained that she did not leave for France at all. she was stricken ill with cancer. in her heart, she had believed that the will make it someday, but she did not want her illness to be his obstacle...therefore she had chosen to leave him.

she had wanted her parents to put his papercranes beside her, because, if the day comes when fate brings him to her again he can take some of those back with him. the guy just wpt.

no charge for love

a farmer had some puppies he needed to sell. he painted a sign advertising the 4 pups and set about nailing it to a post on the edge of his yard. as he was driving the last nail into the post, he felt a tug on his overalls. he looked down into the eyes of a little boy. "mister", he said. I want to buy one of your puppies.

the boy reached deep into his pocket and pulled out a handful og change and held it up to the farmer. I've got thirty-nine cents. is that enough to take a look?

sure, said the farmer.

out from the doghouse and down the ramp ran four little balls of fur.

the little boy pressed this face against the chain link fence. his eyes danced with delight. as the dogs made their way to the fence, the little boy noticed something else inside the doghouse. slowly another little ball appeared. this one was noticeably smaller. down the ramp it slid. then the little pup began hobbling toward the others, doing its best to catch up... I want that one, the little boy said, pointing to the runt.

the farmer knelt down at the boy's side and said, son, you don't want that puppy. he will never be able to run and play with you like these other dogs would.

with that the little boy stepped back from the fence, reached down, and began rolling up one leg of his trousers. in doing so he revealed a steel brace running down both sides of his leg attaching itself to a specially made shoe. looking back up at the farmer, he said, you see sir, I don't run too well myself , and he will need someone who understands.

with tears in his eyes, the farmer reached down and picked up the little pup. holding it carefully he hunded it to the little boy.

how much? asked the little boy.

no charge, answered the farmer.

there's no charge for love.

samsung galaxy S III/S3 GT-I9300 fac

Uncertain Love

maybe I'm too stupid to understand

I might accidentally hurt jg

I wish I knew your heart

if the opportunity came again to me

now impossible for me

bayangmu even touched, I can not

now I am sunk into the abyss lament

and ni love so congested in my chest

I know this love is not sold

but let this love I have

let love be a burden ni

I do not care

even hinder my path

I know love is not sure

SHEET OF POETRY FOR LOVER

Glued in anxiety heart

My opponent can not feel with your fingers

There is no longer a place that feels the existing

just tired

Tired of what I think ...............

Suppose the time it did not happen

Maybe my heart broken like this Takan

I stop in the twilight

My eyes are deep ravines obstructed

Hearing faint uncertain

My heart is tossed around in the surf rage

My body is not in power to serve

Perhaps nothing else can happen today

My spirit is weak my heart hard

Remembering that night were painful

Is this life?

I guess all is not as it

Maybe there is still a bright spot

Which will illuminate the darkness of the heart

Giving praise to yourself

Deaden all existing

Until I can get back into this beautiful life

the rings of akhaten best price S1.99

someone like you - adele

i heard that you're settled down
that you found a girl and you're married now
i heard that your dreams came true
guess she gave you things i didn't give to you
old friend, wht are you so shy?
ain't like you to hold back or hide from the light

i hate to turn up out of the blue uninvited
but i couldn't stay away, i couldn't fight it
i had hoped you'd see my face
and that you'd be reminded that for me it isn't over

nevermind, i'll find someone like you
i wish nothing but the best for you, too
don't forget me, i beg
i remember you said
sometimes it lasts in love
but sometimes is hurts instead
sometimes it lasts in love
but sometimes it hurst instead, yeah

you know how the times flies
only yesterday was the time of our lives
we were born and raised in a summer haze
bound by the surprise of our glory days

i hate to turn up out of the blue uninvited
but i couldn't stay away, i couldn't fight it
i had hoped you'd see my face
and that you'd be reminded that for me it isn't over


nevermind, i'll find someone like you
i wish nothing but the best for you, too
don't forget me, i beg
i remember you said
sometimes it lasts in love
but sometimes is hurts instead

nothing compares
no worries or cares
regrets and mistakes they're memories made
who would have known how bittersweet this would taste?


nevermind, i'll find someone like you
i wish nothing but the best for you, too
don't forget me, i beg
i remember you said
sometimes it lasts in love
but sometimes is hurts instead


nevermind, i'll find someone like you
i wish nothing but the best for you, too
don't forget me, i beg
i remember you said
sometimes it lasts in love
but sometimes is hurts instead
sometimes it lasts in love
but sometimes it hurst instead

Gawai Dayak

Gawai day or gawai dayak, is a festival celebrated in Sarawak. it is both a religious and social occasion. gaway dayak literally means "dayak festival". dayak visit their friends and relatives on this day. those far away receive greeting cards. the mode of calabrations varies from place to place.

the festival is celebrated on the 1 of june every year. however, it actually starts on the evening of 31 of may. gawai dayak celebration may last for several days.

on the evening of 31 of may, the ceremony (miring0 is conducted. thanking gods for the good harvest, guidance, blessings, and long life is done through sacrificing a cockerel. at midnight spirit welcoming procession (Ngaluh Petara) is held. then, the celebration get merrier as people start singing and reading poems.

on the 1 of june, the homes of the dayaks are opened to visitors. cock-fighting, blowpipe skill demonstration, and ngajat competitions are held. it is also during this time of the year that many dayak weddings take place. today, it is an integral part of  dayak social life. it is an thaksgiving day marking good harvest and a time to plan for the new farming season or activities ahead.

apple iPad with retina display MD510

I'm Yours - Jason Mraz

well you done done me and you bed I felt it
I tried to be chill but you're so hot that I melted
I fell right through the cracks, now I'm trying to get back
before the cool done run out I'll be giving it my bestest
and nothing's going to stop me but divine intervention
I reckon it's again my turn to win some or learn some
but I won't hesitate no more, no more
it cannot wait, I'm yours
well open up your mind and see like me
open up your plans and damn you're free
look into your heart and you'll find love love love love
listen to the music of the moment people, dance and sing
we're just one big family
and it's our god-forsaken right to be loved loved loved loved loved
so I won't hesitate no more, no more
it cannot wait, I'm sure
there's no need to complicate, our time is short
this is our fate, I'm yours
D-d-do do you, but do you, d-d-do
but do you want to come on
scooch on over closer dear
and I will nibble your ear
I've been spending way too long checking my toungue in the mirror
and bending over backwards just to try to see it clearer
but my breath fogged up the glass
and so I drew a new face and I laughed
I guess what I be saying is there ain't no betterreason
to rid yourself of vanities and just go with the seasons
it's what we aim todo, our name is our virtue
but I won't hesitate no more, no more
it cannot wait, I'm yours
come on and open up yourmind and see like me
(I won't hesitate)
open up your plans and damn you're free
(no more, no more)
look into your heart and you'll find that the sky is yours
(it cannot wait, I'm sure)
so please don't, there's no need
(there's no need to complicate)
there's no need to complicate
(our time is short)
'cause our time is short
(this is our fate)
this is,this is, this is our fate
I'm yours
oh, I'm yours
oh I'm yours
oh,whoa, baby you believe I'm yours
you best believe, best believe I'm yours

The Queen of the Adriatic

Venice is a city in northern Italy. It is the capital og region Veneto. Together with Padua, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area. Venice has been knows as the "Queen of the Adriatic", "City of Bridges", and "The City of Light". The city stretches across 117 smal island in the marshy Venetian Lagoon along the Adriatic Sea in northeast Italy.

Venice is world-famous for its canals. It is built on an archipelago of 117 islands formed by about 150 canals  in a shallow lagoon. The islands on which the city is built are connected by about 400 bridges. In the old center, the canals serve the fuction of roads, and every form of transport is on water or on foot.

You can ride gondola there. It is the classical Venetian boat which nowadays is mostly used for tourists, or for wedding, funerals, or other ceremonies. Now, most Venetians travel by motorised waterbuses (vaporetti) which ply regular routes along the major canals and between the city's islands. The city also has many private boats. The only gondolas still in common use by Venetians are the traghetti, foot passenger ferries crossing the Grand Canal at certain points without bridges.

You can see the amusing city's landmarks such as Piazza San Marco. Palazzo Contarini del Bovolo, Saint Mark's Cathedral or villas of the Veneto. The villas of the Veneto, rural residences for nobles during the Republic, are one of the most interesting aspects of Venetian countryside. They are surrounded by elegant gardens, suitable for fashionable parties of high society. The city is also well known for its beautiful and romantic view, especially at night.

looney tunes golden collection 1-6

the lion and the mouse

once when a lion was a sleep, a little mouse began running up and down upon him; this soon awoke the lion, who placed his huge paw upon the mouse, and opened his big jaws to swallow him.

"pardon, o king. forgive me this time. I shall never forget it: who knows I may be able to do you a good turn some og these day?" the lion was so tickled at the idea of the mouse being able to help him. then he lifted up his paw and let him go.

one day the lion was caught in a trap. some hunters who wanted to carry him alive the king, tied him to a tree while they went in search of a wagon to carry him in. just then the little mouse happened to pass by and see the sad plight in which the lion was. the little mouse went up to him and soon gnawed away the ropes that bound the king of the beast. soon after the little mouse had finished gnawing away the ropes, he asked the lion to run away.

the frog prince

one fine evening a young princess put on her bonnet and clogs, and went out to take a walk by herself in a wood; and when she came to a cool spring of water with a rose in the middle of it, she sat herself down to rest a while. now she had a golden ball in her hand, which was her favourite plaything, and she was always tossing it up into the air, and catching it again as it fell.

after a time she threw it up so high that she missed catching it as it fell; and the ball bounded away, and rolled along on the ground, until at last it feel down into the spring. the princess looked into the spring after her ball, but it was very deep, so deep that she could not see the bottom of it. she began to cry, and said, "alas! if I could only get my  ball again, I would give all my fine clothes and jewels, and everything that I have in the world."

whilst she was speaking, a frog put its head out of the water, and said, "princess, why do you weeps so bitterly?" "alas!" said she,"what can you do for me, you nasty frog? my golden ball has  fallen into the spring." the frog said. "I do not want your pearl, and jewels, and fine clothes; but if you will love me,  and let me live with you and eat off your golden plate, and sleep on your bed, I will bring you your ball again."

eragon

one day, a young farm boy named eragon finds a blue stone while hunting and tries to sell it for money. unsuccessful in his attemps, he takes the stone back to his cabin and lets it sit there until it hatches into a beautiful blue dragon. eragon realises he can talk to this secret pet dragon with his mind, and eventually learns that he and the dragon are part of a legacy of secret heroes called the riders.

with the help of brom, a wise man, eragon matures into his destiny. the challenges he face include fighting along-standing war, helping an enthereal elf, and dealing with tragedy and revenge. certain details, such as eragon's revelation that he cannot read, develop this rich work and blend together to produce a number of plot twist. the story builds suspense steadily until the end.

remarkably, author christopher paolini began writing eragon at the age of15. now19, hehas already established himself as an exciting new creator whose influences include tolkien, mccaffrey, and others. his world is intricate, his characters believable, and his writing engaging.

bolh causal readers and hardcore fans of fantasy and science fiction novels will be enchanted by this well crafted fantasy and unquestionably will look forward to parts two and three of this exciting trilogy.

the princes and the pea

once upon a time there was a prince who wanted to marry a princess; but she would have to be a real princess. he travelled all over the world to find one, but nowhere could he get what he wanted. there were princesses enough, but it was difficult to find out whether they were real ones. there was always something about them that was not as it should be. so he came home again and was sad, for he would have liked very much to have a real princess.

one evening a terrible storm started; there was thunder and lightning, and the rain poured down in torrents. suddenly a knocking was heard at the city gate, and the old king went to open it.

it was a princess standing out there in front of the gate. but, good gracious! what a sight the rain and the wind had made her look. the water ran down from her hair and clothes; it ran down into the toes of her shoes and out again at the heels. and yet she said that she was a real princess.

well, we'll soon find that out, thought the old queen. but she said nothing, went into the bed-room, took all the bedding off the bedstead, and laid a pea on the bottom; then she took twenty mettresses and laid them on the pea, and then twenty eider-down beds on top of the mattresses.

one this the princess had to lie all night. in the morning she was asked how she had slept.

oh, very ladly! said she. i have scarcely closed my eyes all night. heaven only knows what was in the bed, but  I was lying on something hard, so that I am black and blue all over my body. it's horrible!

now they knew that she was a real princess because she had felt the pea right throught the twenty mattresses and the twenty either-down beds.

nobody but a real princess could be as sensitive as that.

so the prince took her for his wife, for now he knew that he had a real princess; and the pea was put in the museum, where it maystill be seen, if no one has stolen it.

there, that is a ture story.

the man and the serpent

a country man's son by accident trod upon a serpent's tall, which turned and bit him so that the died. the father in a rage got his axe, and pursuing the serpents, cut off part of its tail. so the serpents in revenge began stinging several of the farmer's cattle and caused him severe losses. well, the farmer thought it best to make up with the serpent, and brought food and honey to the mouth of its lair, and said to it: let's  forget and forgive: perhaps you were right to punish my son, and take vengeance on my cattle, but surely I was right in trying to avenge  him now that we are both satisfied why should not we be friends again?

"no, no" said the serpent, take away your gifts: you can never forget the death of your son, not I forget the loss of my tail.

The Lazybones

When someone is very lazy, we often call him "lazybones". Young Tom was a real lazybones indeed. Why, right now his father was complaining about him!

"That boy!" said Mr Jones. "He's really lazy. He does nothing but laze about all day."

It was true. Tom didn't  care to go out and play with his friends. He didn't like to do his homework  or any odd jobs round the house either. After school he went straight to his room and lay down. After dinner he lazed about again till it was time for bed. And in the morning his mother had a hard time getting him out of bed. Poor Mr and Mrs Jones didn't know what to do with their lazy son.

Mr Jones owned a small bakery in town. He had only one helper, Bob; so he had to work very hard. He baked a hundred loaves each morning and Bob went around on a horse-cart to deliver them. Then Mr Jones baked biscuits and cakes to put in his shop-window. His cakes were delicious and many people came to buy from him. He was busy all day, but Tom did nothing to help.

One day Mr Jones told Tom to watch some cakes in the oven. Instead of watching the cakes, Tom fell asleep and the cakes were burnt. Mr Jones was furious! "Can't you do anything properly?" he scolded. "Why, you slept all day yesterday. I don't know how you can sleep any more!"

"Maybe" Tom's just used to being lazy," Mr Jones said. "Everyone says he's lazy, so he just stays that way."

Perhaps Mrs Jones was right. A few days later Mr Jones had a bad cold. The doctors said he had to stay in bed for a week. "My goodness, I can't!" Said Mr Jones. "What will happen to my shop?"

"Don't worry about the shop," said Mrs Jones. "Bob, Tom and I will look after it."

"Tom?" said Mrs Jones. "As if he would do anything to help!"

Although Mrs Jones looked cheerful, she felt worried about how she would manage. She could do the baking and tidy the house. Bob could still deliver the bread. But who could  cook the meals and look after Mr Jones?

"I know how  to bake," said Bob. "I've often watch Mr Jones baking. I can do that job. Then you'll be free to cook the meals and look after Mr Jones."

"But who will deliver the bread?" Asked Mrs Jones.

"Leave that to Tom," said Bob cheerfully.

"Tom stared at Bob. "That's hard work," he said.

"And I'll have to get up very early each morning."

"Well, somebody has to do it," said Mrs Jones firmly.

So, whether Tom liked  it or not, Bob woke him up at five every morning. together the boys  loaded the horse-cart with freshly-baked loaves. Then Tom went round to deliver the bread.

Of course the customers were very surprised to see him. You see, they all knew he was a lazybones. "What happened to bob?" they asked.

so Tom explained how Bob was baking because Mr Jones was ill. "And you're helping too by delivering the bread," the customers said. "Well done, Tom. I'm sure you parents must be very proud of you."

As the day passed, more and more people praised Tom. After a while Tom began to feel proud of himself too. Working wasn't so bad after all. In fact, it was quite pleasant to help one's parents and be praised for it. Can you guess what happened? Yes, from that day on, Tom stopped being a lazybones.

birth control

most people agree that some form of family limitation or spacing is desirable for the good of the family and society. but individuals and groups-especially religious groups-differ sharply on the methods of birth control that they consider moral and acceptable.

couples that practice birth control do so for various reasons. they may want to limit or space their children, or to have no children at all. young couples often postpone having children so that both partners can work full-time. other couples space their children so they can give each child as much attention as possible. some women are advised by their doctors to avoid pregnancy for health reasons. in many countries with rapidly growing populations, the goverment encourages couples to limit the size of their families.

even though birth control has gained in acceptance, opposition to the practice is continous. some people fear that birth control encourages sexual relations outside marriage or that goverment might impose birth control. some religious groups oppose birth control on moral grounds.

some religious groups teach artificial methods af birth control are immoral because they separate the two pusposes of intercourses in marriage-conjugal love and the procreation of children. although they oppose all artificial birth control, they consider natural family planning acceptable.

how the water cycle works

solar energy evaporates exposed water from seas, lakes, rivers, and wet soil; the majority of this evaporation takes place over the seas. water is also released into the atmosphere by the plants through photosynthesis. during this process, known as evaporatranspiration, water vapour rises into the atmosphere.

clouds form when air becomes saturated with water vapour. the two major types of cloud formation are stratified or layered grey clouds called stratus and billowing white or dark grey cloud called comulus clouds.

precipitation rain, or hail ensures that water returns to earth's surface in a fresh form. some of this rain, however, falls into the seas and is not accessible to humans. when rain falls, it either washes down hill slopes or seeps underground; when snow and hail melts, this water may also sink into the ground.

rain fall also replenishes river water supplies, as does underground water. snow fall may consolidate onto glaciers and ice sheets which, when they melt, release their water into the ground, into stream or into the seas.

greenhouse effect

the greenhouse effect is raised temperature at the planet's surface as result of heat energy being trapped by gases cause the atmosphere. certain gases causes the atmosphere to act like the glass in a greenhouse. as a result, the temperature of a planet's surface may be higher than it otherwise would be_on earth about 33 celcius higher. the main gases that produce the greenhouse effect on earth are water vapour andcarbon dioxide. scientists suspect that an increased discharge of carbon dioxide from human activity (notably motor transport and industry) is contributing to global warming.

greenhouse gases are fairly transparent to the short-wavelength, visible and ultraviolet light that brings most of the sun's energy, though about 25% is reflected by the atmosphere, and 25% is absorbed by it. about 5% is reflected from the earth, which absorbs the rest. some of this absorbed energy rises again in thermals or in the heat of evaporated moisture. the rest is reradiated as long-wavelength infrared rays. the infrared radiation emitted by the earth is partially transmitted straight  back into space. a much greater amount is absorbed by the greenhouse gases, which are very efficient absorbers of the long infrared wavelength. some of the absorbed heat is reradiated into space, but a lot is radiated downwards to fuel global warming. half the world's population lives on low-lying coastal areas, such as the bay of bengal which is particularly vulnerable to flooding. global warming could causes the sea level to rise. a 2m (6ft) rise in sea level would inundate close to 20% of bangladesh and require tens of millions to be evacuated. a larger rise of 5m (16ft) would drown close to half the country.

insecticides

insecticide is a subtance that kills insect. insecticides are sometimes called pesticides. farmers and gardeners usually use insecticides to protect plants and animals. apple trees must be sprayed, or many of the apples will become "wormy" with moth larvae (young). many livestock owners spray their livestock or dip them in an insecticide solution to protect them from flies, lice, mites, and ticks. these pests spread such diseases and cattle fever and sheep scab. diseases such as malaria and thypus can be controlled by using insecticides to treat the breeding places of the insect that spread the diseases.

agricultural pesticides prevent a monetary loss of about 9 bilion each year in the U.S. for every 1 invested in pesticides, the american.

farmer gets about 4 in return. these benefits, however, must be weighed againts the costs to society of using pesticides, an seen in the banning of ethylene dobromide in the early 1980s. these costs include human poisonings, and the contamination of livestock product. the environmental and sosial costs of pesticide use in the U.S. have been estimated to be at least 1 bilion each year. thus, although pesticides are valuable for agriculture, they also can cause serious harm.

Abortion

for years, abortion has been an extremely controversial subject. one important aspect of the controversy  is whether a women should be permitted by law to have an abortion and, if so, under what circumstances. another is whether, and to what extens laws should protect the unborn. people who wish to legally limit or forbid abortions describe themselves as pro-life. those who believe that a women should have the right to have an abortion may rever to themselves as pro-choice.

arguments againts abortion are based on the belief that an abortion is the unjustified killing of an unborn child. most people who oppose abortion believe that human life begins when a sperm fertilises an egg. another arguments againts abortion is that laws allowingit on demand will increase irresponsible pregnancies and lead to direspect for human life. the roman catholic church is a chief opponent of abortion. conservative branches of other religions also oppose abortion.

many people approve of abortion under certain circumstance. some approve of abortion if a woman's life or health is endangered by her pregnancy. others recommend abortion when there is danger that the child will be born with a serious mental or physical defect. they also approve of abortion when pregnancy has resulted from rape or incest.

many people who think that a woman should have the right to choose to have an abortion distinguish between human life and personhood. they argue that personhood implies both the capacity for self-consicous thought and acceptance  as a member  of a social community. these people believe a fetus is not a person and is thus not entitled to rights normally given to a person. such pro-choice supporters agree with the view that birth represents the beginning ofpersonhood.

another pro-choice argument is that legalising abortions has enliminated many illegal abortions performed by unskilled practitioners under unsanitary conditions. these abortions often cause deaths and permanent reproductive injuries. abortion on demand also prevents many unwanted birth and may thus be a factor in lowering infant and child abuse, neglect, and death rates. also same argue that women shaould not have to bear unwanted children in a word with a growing population and diminishing natural resources.

as a result of this controvers, abortion laws vary from country to country. in rusia, where abortion has been legal sinec 1920, it is allowed up to about the fourth month of pregnancy, purely by request, and is commonly used as a method of birth control. in some countries, such as the philippines, indonesia, and bangladesh, abortion is only allowed when pregnancy threatens the mother's life. south africa , new zaeland, and hong kong allow abortion when the fetus is severaly damaged. in the rapublic of ireland, the operation may only by performed when either the mother's or baby's life is in danger.

mobile phones

everywhere you go nowadays, you see people using mobile phones. From school children to the people, you see them talking in the supermarket, on trains, in the street, everywhere!

so what are advantages of mobile phones?

first of all, they are very convenient because you can phone from nearly anywhere. another advantage is that they are really useful in emergency situations.

for example, if you are alone in your car and it break down, you can get help quickly. in addition, you can also use your mobile to text your friends or connect to the net.

however, there are disadvantages such as the cost. mobile phone calls cost more than normal calls. furthermore, it can be annoying if you are on a train or a bus and you have to listen to someone else's borimg conversation. finally, people can contact you anywhere, at any time, unless you switch your phone off!

in conclusion, there are both advantages and disadvantages. personally, i feet mobile phones are a good thing because they give us more freedom and make communication easier.

company

the company is any business that runs any kind of business a permanent and continous and established, working and domiciled in the territory of the replublik indonesien for the puspose of obtaining gains or profit.
forms company
1. trading company
trading company is one of the private companies, while private enterprise is a company run by one entrepreneur that his responsibility was in charge to one person only.
2. guild firms
the guild is partnership firm organized to run the company under the name together.
3. guild partnership
guild partnership is a partnership firm which has one or several allies partnership.
4. PT
PT is a form of business entity or company tht is most widely used as a business activity in indonesien.

sources of low

sources of low can be interpreted asv a valid ground that delivers power to make tle rules, do the deed,and the right and authority that must be obeted by the people. according to the battery Zevenbergen (1996), the sources of low is the sources of the law and / or the source of the cause of low. Furthermore, legal experts distinguish legal sources inti two types, namely the source material and formal law.

sources material law
legal sources material is a sources of law that binds the people to obey it as appropiate and legal awareness that comes from living in the community.
formal legal sources
formal sources of law are sources of law have binding legal forces and shall be guided by the way its formation received by the community. formal legal sources include legislation, customs, case law, treaties, and doktrin.

1. statue
the statue is a state regulation that has binding legal force, organized, and maintained by the state authorities.
2. customs
custom are human actions that remain to be done repeatedly in the same way.
3. jurisprudence
jurisprudence is a former judge's decision followed and used as the basis of decisions by judges next when facing the same case.
4. treaty
the treaty is an agreement between two or more contries on a matter. thus the treaty is an international treaty. if made two contries then called bilateral agreement, whereas when made or signed by more than two countries then known as multilateral agreement.
5. doktrin
if the judge will take a decision on the matter at handm but (1) the case is a rather unique case or has never happened so there are no laws that govern them, (2) is not a common practice in the community, (3) there has never been jurisprudence, and (4) there is no rule in the treaty then the judge may ask the opinion of doktrin.

Individual behavior
Individual behavior is as a function of the interaction between the individual and his environment. Individuals bring order in the form of organizational skills, personal beliefs, expectations, needs, and experiences of the other.

Characteristics of individuals within the organization include:
1. biographical characteristics
 Age
 Gender
 mating status
 tenure
2. ability
 physical ability
 intellectual abilities
3. personality
4. The learning process
5. perception
6. attitude
7. job satisfaction

Organizational effectiveness
According to Bernard (1938:20) the effectiveness of an organization's proficiency in the specific objectives of the organization that is objective ("Ir accomplished objectives Ian Ita Pacific"). Schein in his book "organizational Psychology defines organizational effectiveness as the ability to survive, adapt to maintain themselves and grow, regardless of the specific functions that are owned by the organization.
Four barrier illustrate the effectiveness, namely:
a. Doing things right, where according to the hub should be settled in accordance with the plans and rules.
b. Reached a level above the competitors, where able to be the best with another opponent as the best.
c. Bring results, where what is being done to provide useful results.
d. Addressing the challenges of the future.

Sayang
Memang kita tidak bertatap muka
Memang jarak memisahkan kita

Tapi percayalah cinta ini bukan sekedar kata- kata
Hati ini tak akan dusta dirimu belahan jiwa

Setialah padaku sayang semampu yang engkau bisa

Cintailah aku sayang setulus yang engkau rasa

Aku mungkin bukan yang terbaik untukmu
Tapi aku akan berusaha lebih baik menjadi pasanganmu.

Titip hati dan cintaku
Semoga sampai kapanpun kita akan menyatu

sampai ajal menjemput nyawa

1.      Paul Horton dan Chester L.Hunt
Lembaga sosial adalah sistem norma – norma sosial dan hubungan hubungan yang menyatukan nilai – nilai dan prosedur – prosedur tertentu dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan dasar masyarakat.


2. Peter L. Berger
Lembaga sosial adalah suatu prosedur yang menyebabkan perbuatan manusia ditekan oleh pola tertentu dan dipaksa bergerak melalui jalan yang dianggap sesuai dengan keinginan masyarakat.

3. Mayor Polak
Lembaga sosial adalah suatu kompleks atau sistem peraturan dan adat istiadat yang mempertahankan nilai – nilai penting.

4. W. Hamilton
Lembaga sosial adalah tata cara kehidupan kelompok, yang apabila dilanggar akan dijatuhi berbagai derajat sanksi.

5. Robert Maclver dan C.H. Page
Lembaga sosial adalah prosedur atau tata cara yang telah diciptakan untuk mengatur hubungan antarmanusia yang tergabung dalam suatu kelompok masyarakat.

6. Leopold Von Wiese dan Becker
Lembaga sosial adalah jaringan proses antarmanusia dan antarkelompok yang berfungsi memelihara hubungan itu serta pola – polanya sesuai dengan minat dan kepentingan individu dan kelompoknya.


7. Koentjaraningrat
Lembaga sosial adalah suatu sistem tata kelakuan dan hubungan yang berpusat kepada aktivitas untuk memenuhi kompleksitas kebutuhan khusus dalam kehidupan manusia

8. Soerjono Soekanto
Lembaga sosial adalah himpunan norma dari segala tingkatan yang berkisar pada suatu kebutuhan pokok dalam kehidupan masyarakat

Kesimpulan :
Lembaga sosial merupakan wadah dari sekumpulan norma atau kaidah yang mengatur pendukungnya dalam rangka mewujudkan kebutuhan masyarakat yang bersifat khusus.

a. Koentjaraningrat : Lembaga sosial merupakan satuan norma khusus yang menata serangkaian tindakan yang berpola untuk keperluan khusus manusia dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat

Menurut Hoarton dan Hunt, lembaga social (institutation) bukanlah sebuah bangunan, bukan kumpulan dari sekelompok orang, dan bukan sebuah organisasi. Lembaga (institutations) adalah suatu system norma untuk mencapai suatu tujuan atau kegiatan yang oleh masyarakat dipandang penting atau secara formal, sekumpulan kebiasaan dan tata kelakuan yang berkisar pada suatu kegiatan pokok manusia. Dengan kata lain Lembaga adalah proses yang terstruktur (tersusun} untuk melaksanakan berbagai kegiatan tertentu.

1.      Menurut Soerjono Soekanto, Pranata social adalah himpunana norma-norma dari segala tingkatan yang berkisar pada suatu kebutuhan pokok dalam kehiduppan masyarakat.

Kesetiaan

Aku disini dan kau disana terhalang oleh jarak waktu dan ruang

namun ketahuilah aku disini selalu merindumu

selalu ku berharap kau datang temui aku

menghapus semua kerinduan temani saat q sendiri, saat ku sepi

kasih datanglah kesini kepangkuanku lagi

dan beri warna dalam hari dan hidupku

kasih dengarlah kata hati ini

rasakan betapa besarnya cintaku kepadamu

kasih sadarlah aku disini selalu menunggumu

untuk kembali ke pangkuanku

genggaman tanganmu memberi keindahan dalam hariku

kasih sadarlah aku disini selalu menunggu datangnya cintamu

untukku.....

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

A. Latar Belakang

Selama kita hidup di dunia ini, ribuan norma ditawarkan atau memperkenalkan kepada kita. Bahkan mungkin ada juga beberapa norma yang agak dipaksakan kepada kita. Norma bisa berasal dari orang tua kita, masyarakat, sekolah, umat beragama, pemerintah daerah , dan negara.

Sejak kita masih kecil kita belajar norma dari orang tua, kita dilatih untuk memakai pakaian yang sesuai dengan jenis kelamin kita, untuk mengucapkan terima kasih ketika menerima pemberian orang lain terutama mereka yang pantas kita hormati. Sebab dengan demikian  kita dapat hidup di tengah-tengah masyarakat dengan baik. Dengan kesopansantunan kita diterima dan dihargai dalam masyarakat.

Dari masyarakat setempat, kita belajar norma lain yang belum diajarkan oleh manusia. Dari masyarakat itulah kita dapat belajar sopan santun dalam pergaulan di kampung, dan diberi tahu tentang cara kita membawakan diri ditengah-tengah masyarakat.

Di sekolah kita dapat belajar norma lagi, yang barangkali tidak sempat diajarkan oleh orang tua maupun masyarakat setempat. Di sekolahan kita dilatih untuk berdisiplin waktu dan mengerjakan tugas-tugas secara bersungguh-sungguh. Kita juga dilatih untuk kerjasama dengan orang-orang lain, walaupun sebenarnya mereka itu tidak menarik bagi kita.

Agama bahkan mengajarkan kepada kita norma-norma yang amat mengikat hati nurani, karena keyakinan bahwa norma-norma itu diwahyukan sendiri oleh Allah melalui para nabi atau rasul-Nya. Dari umat seagama kita belajar ketaqwaan kepada Tuhan, ketaatan pada kehendak-Nya, dan keyakinan akan kebenaran ajaran agama.

Negara menghadapkan kita dengan cukup banyak norma, yang seringkali disertai sanksi hukum atas pelanggaran norma-norma itu. Kita harus tundukkepada Undang-Undang Dasar, menumbuhkan semangat Pancasilais, dan melaksanakan semua undang-undang dan peraturan pemerintah yang sah.

Diterimanya Pancasila sebagai pandangan hidup dan dasar negara, membawa konsekuensi logis bahwa nilai-nilai Pancasila harus selalu dijadikan landasan pokok, landasan fundamental bagi pengaturan serta penyelenggaraan negara. Hal ini telah diusahakan yaitu dengan menjabarkan nilai-nilai Pancasila tersebut ke dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Sedang pengakuan Pancasila sebagai pandangan hidup bangsa mengharuskan kita sebagai bangsa untuk mentransformasikan nilai-nilai Pancasial itu ke dalam sikap dan perilaku nyata baik dalam perilaku hidup bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara. Tanpa adanya transformasi nilai-nilai tersebut dalam kehidupan nyata, maka Pancasila hanya tinggal nama tanpa makna.

B. Rumusan Makalah

            Dalam menyusun makalah ini ada beberapa rumusan masalah yang dapat dijelaskan dalam pembahasan diantaranya:

1.      Apa yang dimaksud dengan norma?

2.      Apa saja macam-macam norma yang ada di masyarakat?

3.      Apa tujuan norma di kehidupan masyarakat?

4.      Apa saja nilai-nilai dasar yang terkandung di dalam pancasila?

C. Tujuan Penulisan

            Saya membuat makalah ini bertujuan untuk:

1.      Memenuhi tugas individu pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila.

2.      Menjelaskan pengertian norma.

3.      Menguraikan macam-macam norma.

4.      Mengamalkan norma dalam kehidupan masyarakat.

5.      Menjelaskan nilai-nilai dasar yang terkandung di dalam Pancasila.

6.       Untuk pegangan dasar materi sebelum melangkah ke pelajraan selanjutnya.

BAB II

PEMBAHASAN

1.      Pengertian Norma

Norma secara normatif mengandung arti aturan, kaidah, petunjuk, pedoman yang harus dipatuhi oleh manusia agar perilakunya tidak menyimpang dan tidak merugikan pihak lain. Sedangkan bagi pelanggarnya akan mendapat sanksi sesuai dengan aturan yang disepakati bersama.

2.      Macam-macam Norma

Ada empat macam norma yang berlaku dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara diantaranya adalah:

v  Norma Agama

Norma agama adalah serangkaian peraturan hidup yang berisi perintah, larangan dan ajaran-ajaran yang berasal dari Tuhan. Tujuan norma agama adalah agar ilmu yang diberikan Tuhan, manusia dapat mewujudkan tatanan kehidupan yang menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai kemanusiaan serta dapat mewujudkan keimanannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Contoh nprma agama:

a.       Beribadah sesuai dengan agama dan keyakinan.

b.      Beramal saleh dan berbuat kebajikan.

c.       Mencegah, melarang, dan tidak melakukan perbuatan maksiat.

Pelanggar norma agama mendapat sanksi secara langsung, artinya pelanggarnya baru akan menerima sanksinya nanti di akhirat berupa siksaan di neraka.

v  Norma Kesusilaan

Adalah aturan yang bersumber dari hati nurani manusia tentang baik buruknya suatu perbuatan. Contoh norma-norma susila adalah:

a.       Berlaku jujur.

b.      Bertindakadil.

c.       Menghargai orang lain.

Sanksi bagi pelanggar norma susila tidak tegas, karena hanya diri sendiri yang merasakannya, yakni merasa bersalah, menyesal, malu dan sebagainya.

v  Norma Kesopanan

Adalah peraturan yang timbul dari pergaulan sekelompok manusia di dalam masyarakat dan dianggap sebagai tuntutan pergaulan sehari-hari masyarakat itu. Norma ini bersifat relatif artinya apa yang dianggap sebagai norma kesopanan berbeda-beda di berbagai tempat, lingkungan atau waktu. Contohnya adalah:

a.       Menghormati orang yang lebih tua.

b.      Tidak berkata kotor, kasar, dan sombong.

Sanksi bagi pelanggar norma kesopanan tidak tegas, hanya mendapat cemoohan, celaan, hinaan, atau dikucilkan dan di asingkan dipergaulan.

v  Norma Hukum

Norma Hukum adalah suatu kaidah, suatu aturan yang pelaksanaannya dapat dipaksakan dan pelanggarnya dapat ditindak dengan pasti oleh penguasa yang sah dalam masyarakat. Hukuman sebagai sistem norma berfungsi untuk menertibkan dan menstabilkan kehidupan sosial. Tujuan utama norma hukum adalah menciptakan suasana aman dan tentram dalam masyarakat. Contohnya ialah:

a.       Menaati peraturan lalu lintas.

b.      Dilarang mencuri, merampok, membunuh dan lain-lain.

Sanksi bagi pelanggar hukum tegas, nyata, mengikat, dan bersifat memaksa.

3.      Tujuan Norma

Dengan adanyan norma manusia akan mendapatkan jaminan perlindungan atas dirinya dan kepentingan dalam berhubungan dengan sesamanya dimasyarakat. Dengan demikian, akan terjalin hubungan yang harmonis dalam masyarakat. Keserasian hubungan diantara warga masyarakat dapat menciptakan keamanan dan ketertiban. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa tujuan norma adalah untuk menciptakan keamanan dan ketertiban dalam hidup masyarakat.

Tujuan atau fungsi norma sosial

a.       Sebagai pedoman atau patokan perilaku dalam masyarakat.

b.      Merupakan wujud konkret dari nilai-nilai yang ada dimasyarakat.

c.       Suatu standar atau skala dari berbagai kategori tingkah laku suatu masyarakat.

d.      Mengatur perilaku manusia dalam berinteraksi.

e.       Memberi sanksi terhadap perilaku menyimpang dalam masyarakat.

4.      Nilai Dasar yang Terkandung dalam Pancasila

Ada lima nilai dasar yang terkandung di dalam Pancasila diantaranya adalah:

a.      Nilai Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa

Nilai Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa mengandung arti keyakinan dan pengakuan yang diekspresikan dalam bentuk perbuatan terhadap Zat Yang maha Tunggal tiada duanya. Ekspresi dari nilai Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa, menuntut manusia Indonesia untuk bersikap hidup, berpandangan hidup “taat” dan “taklim” kepada Tuhan dengan dibimbing oleh ajaran-ajarannya. Taat mengandung makna setia, menurut apa yang diperintahkan dan hormat/cinta kepada Tuhan. Sedangkan taklim mengandung makna memuliakan Tuhan, memandang Tuhan teragung, memandang Tuhan tertinggi, memandang Tuhan terluhur.

Nilai Ketuhanan Yang Maha esa memberikan kebebasan kepada pemeluk agama sesuai dengan keyakinannya, tak ada paksaan, dan antar penganut agama yang berbeda harus saling menghormati dan bekerjasama.

b.      Nilai kemanusiaan Yang Adil dan Beradab

Nilai Kemanusiaan Yang Adil dan Beradab, mengandung makna: kesadaran sikap dan perilaku yang sesuai dengan nilai moral dalam hidup bersama atas dasar tuntutan mutlak hati nurani dengan memperlakukan sesuatu hal sebagaimana mestinya.

Yang perlu diperhatikan dan merupakan dasar hubungan semua umat manusia dalam mewujudkan nilai kemanusiaan yang adil dan beradab, adalah pengakuan hak asasi manusia. Untuk itu perlu dikembangkan juga sikap saling mencintai sesama manusia, sikap tenggang rasa atau tepo seliro.

c.       Nilai Persatuan Indonesia

Nilai Persatuan Indonesia mengandung arti usaha ke arah bersatu dalam kebulatan rakyat untuk membina Nasionalisme dan negara. Nilai Persatuan Indonesia yang demikian ini merupakan suatu proses untuk menuju terwujudnya Nasionalisme. Dengan modal dasar nilai persatuan, semua warga negara Indonesia baik yang asli maupun keturunan asing dan dari macam-macam suku bangsa dapat menjalin kerjasama yang erat dalam wujud gotong royong, kebersamaan.

Dalam nilai persatuan terkandung adanya perbedaan-perbedaan yang biasa terjadi di dalam kehidupan masyarakat dan bangsa, agama, baik itu perbedaan bahasa, kebudayaan, adat-istiadat, agama, maupun suku. Perbedaan-perbedaan itu jangan dijadikan alasan untuk berselisih, tetapi justru menjadi daya tarik ke arah kerjasama. Hal ini sesuai dengan semboyan “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika”.

d.      Nilai Kerakyatan Yang Dipimpin Oleh Kebijaksaan Dalam Permusyawaratan/Perwakilan

Nilai sila keempat mengandung makna: suatu pemerintahan rakyat dengan cara melalui badan-badan tertentu yang dalam menetapkan sesuatu peraturan ditempuh dengan jalan musyawarah untuk mufakat atas dasar kebenaran dari Tuhan dan putusan akal sesuai dengan rasa kemanusiaan yang memperhatikan dan mempertimbangkan kehendak rakyat untuk mencapai kebaikan hidup bersama.

Di dalam mengambil keputusan lewat musyawarah mufakat ini yang menjadi prioritas utama adalah: “kualitas” itu sendiri, yaitu isi, bobot dari usulan yang diajukan. Meskipun usulan itu dari golongan mayoritas, tetapi jika isi dan bobot dari usulan itu tidak berkualitas maka tidak bisa diterima. Sebaliknya, meskipun usulan itu dari golongan minoritas namun isi dan bobot usulan itu berkualitas maka bisa diterima. Cara-cara seperti ini yang dikehendaki oleh sistem “Demokrasi Pancasila” yaitu demokrasi yang dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan dalam permusyawaratan/perwakilan.

Sebagai paham kekeluargaan, Demokrasi Pancasila mengandung muatan tujuh prinsip dasar mekanisme demokrasi, diantaranyan ialah:

1.      Berpaham negara hukum.

2.      Berpaham konstitusionalisme.

3.      Supremasi ditangan rakyat.

4.      Pemerintah yang bertanggungjawab.

5.      Pemerintah berdasarkan perwakilan.

6.      Sistem pemerintah bersifat presidensial.

7.      Tidak mengenal mayoritas dan minoritas.

e.       Nilai Keadilan Sosial Bagi Seluruh Rakyat Indonesia

Makna yang terkandung di dalam nilai-nilai sila kelima ini adalah: suatu tata masyarakat adil dan makmur sejahtera lahiriah batiniah, yang setiapwarga negara mendapat segala sesuatu yang telah menjadi haknya sesuai dengan essensi adil dan beradab. Sila keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia dalam wujud pelaksanaannya adalah bahwa setiap warga harus mengembangkan sikap adil terhadap sesama, menjaga keseimbangan, keserasian, keselarasan, antara hak dan kewajiban serta menghormati hak-hak orang lain.

Menurut Aristoteles, hakekat keadilan dibedakan menjadi tiga bagian: 1) keadilan distributif yaitu negara wajib membagi-bagikan/memberikan kepada warganya apa yang telah menjadi haknya. 2) keadilan komutatif yaitu manusia pribadi wajub memperlakukan sesama manusia sebagai pribadi yang sama martabatnya dan wajib memberikan kepada sesama warga masyarakat segala sesuatu yang telah menjadi hak masing-masing, yang wajib diberikan dan diterima sebagai haknya, dan keadilan komutatif ini sifatnya timbal balik. 3) keadila legal/keadilan untuk bertaat. Dalam keadilan ini manusia pribadi sebagai makhluk individu atau warga negara wajib memperlakukan masyarakat atau negara yang sama martabatnya dengan memelihara perhubungan anggota-anggota terhadap keseluruhan dan memenuhi tuntutan serta “taat” kepada masyarakat atau negara sesuai dengan hukum mewujudkan kesejahteraan bersama.

Disamping tiga macam bentuk keadilan di atas sebenarnya masih ada dua lagi  bentuk keadilan yaitu:

a.       Keadilan Tuhan adalah menyangkut masalah perbuatan dan ganjaran. Jika manusia dalam perbuatannya atau tingkah lakunya mengikuti petunjuk-petunjuk Tuhan, maka manusia akan memperoleh ganjaran atau pahala yang setimpal dengan perbuatannya. Dengan kata lain, manusia wajib menjalankan perintah-perintah Tuhan dan menjauhkan larangan-larangan-Nya.

b.      Keadilan lingkungan, dalam hal ini kita wajib menjaga dan melestarikan lingkungan. Seperti kalau kita mengadakan penghijauan baik itu tanaman hutan, tanaman kebun maupun tanaman pohon penghijauan lainnya, maka kita akan memperoleh lindungan dari lingkungan sehingga akan bebas dari bahaya banjir, erosi, dan juga memperoleh zat oksigen yang dihasilkan oleh lingkungan tersebut.

BAB II

PEMBAHASAN

5.      Pengertian Norma

Norma secara normatif mengandung arti aturan, kaidah, petunjuk, pedoman yang harus dipatuhi oleh manusia agar perilakunya tidak menyimpang dan tidak merugikan pihak lain. Sedangkan bagi pelanggarnya akan mendapat sanksi sesuai dengan aturan yang disepakati bersama.

6.      Macam-macam Norma

Ada empat macam norma yang berlaku dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara diantaranya adalah:

v  Norma Agama

Norma agama adalah serangkaian peraturan hidup yang berisi perintah, larangan dan ajaran-ajaran yang berasal dari Tuhan. Tujuan norma agama adalah agar ilmu yang diberikan Tuhan, manusia dapat mewujudkan tatanan kehidupan yang menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai kemanusiaan serta dapat mewujudkan keimanannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Contoh nprma agama:

d.      Beribadah sesuai dengan agama dan keyakinan.

e.       Beramal saleh dan berbuat kebajikan.

f.       Mencegah, melarang, dan tidak melakukan perbuatan maksiat.

Pelanggar norma agama mendapat sanksi secara langsung, artinya pelanggarnya baru akan menerima sanksinya nanti di akhirat berupa siksaan di neraka.

v  Norma Kesusilaan

Adalah aturan yang bersumber dari hati nurani manusia tentang baik buruknya suatu perbuatan. Contoh norma-norma susila adalah:

d.      Berlaku jujur.

e.       Bertindakadil.

f.       Menghargai orang lain.

Sanksi bagi pelanggar norma susila tidak tegas, karena hanya diri sendiri yang merasakannya, yakni merasa bersalah, menyesal, malu dan sebagainya.

v  Norma Kesopanan

Adalah peraturan yang timbul dari pergaulan sekelompok manusia di dalam masyarakat dan dianggap sebagai tuntutan pergaulan sehari-hari masyarakat itu. Norma ini bersifat relatif artinya apa yang dianggap sebagai norma kesopanan berbeda-beda di berbagai tempat, lingkungan atau waktu. Contohnya adalah:

c.       Menghormati orang yang lebih tua.

d.      Tidak berkata kotor, kasar, dan sombong.

Sanksi bagi pelanggar norma kesopanan tidak tegas, hanya mendapat cemoohan, celaan, hinaan, atau dikucilkan dan di asingkan dipergaulan.

v  Norma Hukum

Norma Hukum adalah suatu kaidah, suatu aturan yang pelaksanaannya dapat dipaksakan dan pelanggarnya dapat ditindak dengan pasti oleh penguasa yang sah dalam masyarakat. Hukuman sebagai sistem norma berfungsi untuk menertibkan dan menstabilkan kehidupan sosial. Tujuan utama norma hukum adalah menciptakan suasana aman dan tentram dalam masyarakat. Contohnya ialah:

c.       Menaati peraturan lalu lintas.

d.      Dilarang mencuri, merampok, membunuh dan lain-lain.

Sanksi bagi pelanggar hukum tegas, nyata, mengikat, dan bersifat memaksa.

7.      Tujuan Norma

Dengan adanyan norma manusia akan mendapatkan jaminan perlindungan atas dirinya dan kepentingan dalam berhubungan dengan sesamanya dimasyarakat. Dengan demikian, akan terjalin hubungan yang harmonis dalam masyarakat. Keserasian hubungan diantara warga masyarakat dapat menciptakan keamanan dan ketertiban. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa tujuan norma adalah untuk menciptakan keamanan dan ketertiban dalam hidup masyarakat.

Tujuan atau fungsi norma sosial

f.       Sebagai pedoman atau patokan perilaku dalam masyarakat.

g.      Merupakan wujud konkret dari nilai-nilai yang ada dimasyarakat.

h.      Suatu standar atau skala dari berbagai kategori tingkah laku suatu masyarakat.

i.        Mengatur perilaku manusia dalam berinteraksi.

j.        Memberi sanksi terhadap perilaku menyimpang dalam masyarakat.

8.      Nilai Dasar yang Terkandung dalam Pancasila

Ada lima nilai dasar yang terkandung di dalam Pancasila diantaranya adalah:

a.      Nilai Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa

Nilai Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa mengandung arti keyakinan dan pengakuan yang diekspresikan dalam bentuk perbuatan terhadap Zat Yang maha Tunggal tiada duanya. Ekspresi dari nilai Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa, menuntut manusia Indonesia untuk bersikap hidup, berpandangan hidup “taat” dan “taklim” kepada Tuhan dengan dibimbing oleh ajaran-ajarannya. Taat mengandung makna setia, menurut apa yang diperintahkan dan hormat/cinta kepada Tuhan. Sedangkan taklim mengandung makna memuliakan Tuhan, memandang Tuhan teragung, memandang Tuhan tertinggi, memandang Tuhan terluhur.

Nilai Ketuhanan Yang Maha esa memberikan kebebasan kepada pemeluk agama sesuai dengan keyakinannya, tak ada paksaan, dan antar penganut agama yang berbeda harus saling menghormati dan bekerjasama.

b.      Nilai kemanusiaan Yang Adil dan Beradab

Nilai Kemanusiaan Yang Adil dan Beradab, mengandung makna: kesadaran sikap dan perilaku yang sesuai dengan nilai moral dalam hidup bersama atas dasar tuntutan mutlak hati nurani dengan memperlakukan sesuatu hal sebagaimana mestinya.

Yang perlu diperhatikan dan merupakan dasar hubungan semua umat manusia dalam mewujudkan nilai kemanusiaan yang adil dan beradab, adalah pengakuan hak asasi manusia. Untuk itu perlu dikembangkan juga sikap saling mencintai sesama manusia, sikap tenggang rasa atau tepo seliro.

c.       Nilai Persatuan Indonesia

Nilai Persatuan Indonesia mengandung arti usaha ke arah bersatu dalam kebulatan rakyat untuk membina Nasionalisme dan negara. Nilai Persatuan Indonesia yang demikian ini merupakan suatu proses untuk menuju terwujudnya Nasionalisme. Dengan modal dasar nilai persatuan, semua warga negara Indonesia baik yang asli maupun keturunan asing dan dari macam-macam suku bangsa dapat menjalin kerjasama yang erat dalam wujud gotong royong, kebersamaan.

Dalam nilai persatuan terkandung adanya perbedaan-perbedaan yang biasa terjadi di dalam kehidupan masyarakat dan bangsa, agama, baik itu perbedaan bahasa, kebudayaan, adat-istiadat, agama, maupun suku. Perbedaan-perbedaan itu jangan dijadikan alasan untuk berselisih, tetapi justru menjadi daya tarik ke arah kerjasama. Hal ini sesuai dengan semboyan “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika”.

d.      Nilai Kerakyatan Yang Dipimpin Oleh Kebijaksaan Dalam Permusyawaratan/Perwakilan

Nilai sila keempat mengandung makna: suatu pemerintahan rakyat dengan cara melalui badan-badan tertentu yang dalam menetapkan sesuatu peraturan ditempuh dengan jalan musyawarah untuk mufakat atas dasar kebenaran dari Tuhan dan putusan akal sesuai dengan rasa kemanusiaan yang memperhatikan dan mempertimbangkan kehendak rakyat untuk mencapai kebaikan hidup bersama.

Di dalam mengambil keputusan lewat musyawarah mufakat ini yang menjadi prioritas utama adalah: “kualitas” itu sendiri, yaitu isi, bobot dari usulan yang diajukan. Meskipun usulan itu dari golongan mayoritas, tetapi jika isi dan bobot dari usulan itu tidak berkualitas maka tidak bisa diterima. Sebaliknya, meskipun usulan itu dari golongan minoritas namun isi dan bobot usulan itu berkualitas maka bisa diterima. Cara-cara seperti ini yang dikehendaki oleh sistem “Demokrasi Pancasila” yaitu demokrasi yang dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan dalam permusyawaratan/perwakilan.

Sebagai paham kekeluargaan, Demokrasi Pancasila mengandung muatan tujuh prinsip dasar mekanisme demokrasi, diantaranyan ialah:

8.      Berpaham negara hukum.

9.      Berpaham konstitusionalisme.

10.  Supremasi ditangan rakyat.

11.  Pemerintah yang bertanggungjawab.

12.  Pemerintah berdasarkan perwakilan.

13.  Sistem pemerintah bersifat presidensial.

14.  Tidak mengenal mayoritas dan minoritas.

e.       Nilai Keadilan Sosial Bagi Seluruh Rakyat Indonesia

Makna yang terkandung di dalam nilai-nilai sila kelima ini adalah: suatu tata masyarakat adil dan makmur sejahtera lahiriah batiniah, yang setiapwarga negara mendapat segala sesuatu yang telah menjadi haknya sesuai dengan essensi adil dan beradab. Sila keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia dalam wujud pelaksanaannya adalah bahwa setiap warga harus mengembangkan sikap adil terhadap sesama, menjaga keseimbangan, keserasian, keselarasan, antara hak dan kewajiban serta menghormati hak-hak orang lain.

Menurut Aristoteles, hakekat keadilan dibedakan menjadi tiga bagian: 1) keadilan distributif yaitu negara wajib membagi-bagikan/memberikan kepada warganya apa yang telah menjadi haknya. 2) keadilan komutatif yaitu manusia pribadi wajub memperlakukan sesama manusia sebagai pribadi yang sama martabatnya dan wajib memberikan kepada sesama warga masyarakat segala sesuatu yang telah menjadi hak masing-masing, yang wajib diberikan dan diterima sebagai haknya, dan keadilan komutatif ini sifatnya timbal balik. 3) keadila legal/keadilan untuk bertaat. Dalam keadilan ini manusia pribadi sebagai makhluk individu atau warga negara wajib memperlakukan masyarakat atau negara yang sama martabatnya dengan memelihara perhubungan anggota-anggota terhadap keseluruhan dan memenuhi tuntutan serta “taat” kepada masyarakat atau negara sesuai dengan hukum mewujudkan kesejahteraan bersama.

Disamping tiga macam bentuk keadilan di atas sebenarnya masih ada dua lagi  bentuk keadilan yaitu:

c.       Keadilan Tuhan adalah menyangkut masalah perbuatan dan ganjaran. Jika manusia dalam perbuatannya atau tingkah lakunya mengikuti petunjuk-petunjuk Tuhan, maka manusia akan memperoleh ganjaran atau pahala yang setimpal dengan perbuatannya. Dengan kata lain, manusia wajib menjalankan perintah-perintah Tuhan dan menjauhkan larangan-larangan-Nya.

d.      Keadilan lingkungan, dalam hal ini kita wajib menjaga dan melestarikan lingkungan. Seperti kalau kita mengadakan penghijauan baik itu tanaman hutan, tanaman kebun maupun tanaman pohon penghijauan lainnya, maka kita akan memperoleh lindungan dari lingkungan sehingga akan bebas dari bahaya banjir, erosi, dan juga memperoleh zat oksigen yang dihasilkan oleh lingkungan tersebut.

BAB III

PENUTUP

1.      Kesimpulan

Norma secara normatif mengandung arti aturan, kaidah, petunjuk, pedoman yang harus dipatuhi oleh manusia agar perilakunya tidak menyimpang dan tidak merugikan pihak lain. Sedangkan bagi pelanggarnya akan mendapat sanksi sesuai dengan aturan yang disepakati bersama.

Nilai dasar adalah nilai yang mendasari nilai instrumental, disamping itu nilai dasar juga mendasari semua aktivitas kehidupan masyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara. Nilai dasar dalam konteks kehidupan bangsa Indonesia tercermin di dalam Pancasila yang secara eksplisit tertuang dalam UUD 1945. Nilai dasar itu menjadi dasar pandangan hidup, dan ideologi bangsa. Maka dari itu, nilai dasar sebagai dasar pandangan hidup dan dasar negara, membawa konsekuensi logis bahwa nilai dasar harus dijadikan landasan pokok.