Abortion

for years, abortion has been an extremely controversial subject. one important aspect of the controversy  is whether a women should be permitted by law to have an abortion and, if so, under what circumstances. another is whether, and to what extens laws should protect the unborn. people who wish to legally limit or forbid abortions describe themselves as pro-life. those who believe that a women should have the right to have an abortion may rever to themselves as pro-choice.

arguments againts abortion are based on the belief that an abortion is the unjustified killing of an unborn child. most people who oppose abortion believe that human life begins when a sperm fertilises an egg. another arguments againts abortion is that laws allowingit on demand will increase irresponsible pregnancies and lead to direspect for human life. the roman catholic church is a chief opponent of abortion. conservative branches of other religions also oppose abortion.

many people approve of abortion under certain circumstance. some approve of abortion if a woman's life or health is endangered by her pregnancy. others recommend abortion when there is danger that the child will be born with a serious mental or physical defect. they also approve of abortion when pregnancy has resulted from rape or incest.

many people who think that a woman should have the right to choose to have an abortion distinguish between human life and personhood. they argue that personhood implies both the capacity for self-consicous thought and acceptance  as a member  of a social community. these people believe a fetus is not a person and is thus not entitled to rights normally given to a person. such pro-choice supporters agree with the view that birth represents the beginning ofpersonhood.

another pro-choice argument is that legalising abortions has enliminated many illegal abortions performed by unskilled practitioners under unsanitary conditions. these abortions often cause deaths and permanent reproductive injuries. abortion on demand also prevents many unwanted birth and may thus be a factor in lowering infant and child abuse, neglect, and death rates. also same argue that women shaould not have to bear unwanted children in a word with a growing population and diminishing natural resources.

as a result of this controvers, abortion laws vary from country to country. in rusia, where abortion has been legal sinec 1920, it is allowed up to about the fourth month of pregnancy, purely by request, and is commonly used as a method of birth control. in some countries, such as the philippines, indonesia, and bangladesh, abortion is only allowed when pregnancy threatens the mother's life. south africa , new zaeland, and hong kong allow abortion when the fetus is severaly damaged. in the rapublic of ireland, the operation may only by performed when either the mother's or baby's life is in danger.